Just like the West, China's is population is rapidly aging. Since China instituted its one child only policy in 1979, its dependency ratio—the proportion of people in the labour force versus their dependents—has been on the rise. To keep its high economic growth rate, which has been partially fueled by its youthful labour force, the Chinese government may have to repeal, or at least loosen, its one child only policy.

From The Economist.